Since then, the population has increased again to 145.93 million; however, the population is expected to reach its peak at the end of 2020 and is projected to start declining again. Hunter, Shireen. 35. In Russia, we have this problemwe are always looking for an enemy. [Source: Library of Congress, July 1996 *], In the 1980s, Islam was the second most widespread religion in the Soviet Union; in that period, the number of Soviet citizens identifying themselves as Muslims generally totaled between 45 and 50 million. Russia's population in 2021 hit147.2 million, the state-owned Rossiiskaya Gazeta daily reported Monday, citing census data. In 2017, a survey made by the Pew Research Center showed that 73% of Russians declared themselves as Christiansout of which 71% were Orthodox, 1% were Catholic, and 2% were Other Christians, while 15% were unaffiliated, 10% were Muslims, and 1% followed other religions. There are currently 4 mosques in Moscow,[85] and 8,000 in the whole of Russia. On Hitler's birthday (April 21), 2001, 300 young hoodlums ransacked stalls at a Moscow market, belonging mostly to people from Caucasus region and Central Asia, killing three peoplea Tajik, Azerbaijani and an Indian. Central Muslim Spiritual Board of Russia - official website, Russia Mufties Council - official website, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Russia&oldid=1118586644, This page was last edited on 27 October 2022, at 20:33. ", All-Russia Population Census 2010 ( 2010), "Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe", "Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century", "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia", "Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) Russian Federation", "Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP) Russian Federation", "Early childhood care and education in the Russian Federation", "RUSSIA: Central'nyj Federal'nyj Okrug Central Federal District", "A 3-Hour Commute: A Close Look At Moscow The Megapolis", "Moscow, a City Undergoing Transformation", "RUSSIA: Severo-Zapadnyj Federal'nyj Okrug: Northwestern Federal District", " ", Demographic situation in Russia in 19922010, Russia's Peacetime Demographic Crisis: Dimensions, Causes, Implications, The Regional Consequences of Russia's Demographic Crisis, Results of population policy and current demographic situation (2008), "Demographic situation in Russia and the role of mortality in reproduction of population", Choice between mass migration and birth rate increase as possible solutions of depopulation problem in Russia (in Russian), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Russia&oldid=1134089591, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from April 2022, Articles with spreadsheet file bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with failed verification from December 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1.06 male(s)/female (male 11,980,138/female 11,344,818), 0.925 male(s)/female (male 48,166,470/female 52,088,967), 0.44 male(s)/female (male 5,783,983/female 13,105,896). Thus, combatting Islamophobia is sacrosanct. The police and the FSB carried out mass arrests and used harsh interrogation techniques. Communist rule oppressed and suppressed Islam, like other religions in the Soviet Union.[when?] The KGB watched over Islamic organizations. Islam is the second largest religion in Russia after Russian Orthodoxy. [22] In response, Kazakh religious leaders attempted to bring religious fervor by espousing pan-Turkism, though many[quantify] were persecuted as a result. The explicit Russian goal involved expelling the groups in question from their lands. Russia Will Be One-Third Muslim in 15 Years, Chief Mufti Predicts March 5, 2019 Ravil Gainutdin, chairman of the Council of Muftis Alexander Avilov / Moskva News Agency Around 30 percent of the. Although Islam is a minority religion in Russia, Russia has the largest Muslim population in Europe. They are objects of discrimination and abuse and are often the targets of round-ups of "illegal" residents without residence permits. [33] In August 2012, as the country saw its first demographic growth since the 1990s, President Putin declared that Russia's population could reach 146 million by 2025, mainly as a result of immigration. By 2022 approx 20-21 crores or 15% of the population are Muslims In India. The Russian Opposition and most of the Russian population opposes worker migration. Sudan (39,585,777) Even though the nations on the list above have the most Muslims, several smaller countries have a greater concentration of Muslims than the larger ones. ", People from the Caucasus are shunned by landlords and milked for extra high bribes by authorities and officials. Hundreds of thousands of "dark skinned" people from the Caucasus live in Moscow, many without permits. He also informed the students about the events that took place in the regions on the occasion of the 1100th anniversary of the adoption of Islam by the Volga Bulgaria. Islam in Tanzania is the second largest religion in the country behind Christianity. Now, up to 20 percent of the population may be Muslim," he said. [14] In 2020, the total fertility rate across Russia was estimated to be 1.5 children born per woman,[15] which is below the replacement rate of 2.1 and about equal to the European average. Population of Russia in 2022 - 146 million or 14.6 Crores Russia has a population growth rate during 2020-2021 of 0.04 %. RUSSIA AND EURASIA Today "it is openly said that Russiais not only an Orthodox, but also a Muslim country. BY FOYASAL KHAN JAN 06, 2023 - DAILY SABAH This illustration shows the main events, especially in politics, sports and climate change, in the Muslim Gavrilova, N.S., Semyonova, V.G., Evdokushkina G.N., Gavrilov, L.A. Ruling Russia: Law, Crime, and Justice in a Changing Society. Islam in the Soviet era was fairly secularized. [25], The Cossack Hetmanate recruited and incorporated Muslim Mishar Tatars. "Islam in Russia: The Politics of Identity and Security", pg. After the bombings in Moscow in 1999, which were blamed on Chechens, dark-skinned people Caucasus were afraid to leave their homes in Moscow except for brief dashes to buy food. In total, Muslims will make up about 26 percent of the world's population, an increase of about 3 percent from today's level. In the 2021 census, there were 3.9 million Muslims (6.5%): an increase of 44% in just ten years. Approximately 5.72 million Muslims were estimated to live in France, the most of any country listed. The struggle to delineate the respective powers of the federal and local governments in Russia also has influenced Russian relations with the Islamic community. Islam has always been the second biggest religion in Russia, but it had never been as visible in Moscow as it is now. [117] Other major urban areas are Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, and Chelyabinsk. [99] According to various reports, the proportion of Atheists in Russia is between 16% and 48% of the population. [88] However, various experts have claimed Russia's linguistic diversity is rapidly declining.[89][90]. The Tatars of the Khanate of Kazan inherited the population of believers from that state. The changing demographics mean that dozens of new mosques will need to be built in Russias largest cities, Gainutdin said at a forum hosted by the State Duma on Monday. [2], From 1992 to 2012, and again since 2016, Russia's death rate has exceeded its birth rate, which has been called a demographic crisis by analysts. Again, no scope for anti-minority or majority. [41] Kalmyks and Bashkirs served in the Russian army in France. He says that the Khanty-Mansiisk district is "a unique Siberian region" in that about 15 percent of its population consists of Muslims, mostly from the Middle Volga, Central Asia and the Caucasus. Approximately 87-95% of them are Sunni and roughly 3% are Shia and roughly 7% are non-denominational Muslims. [Source: Library of Congress, July 1996 *]. Speaking at a conference in Moscow, Sheikh Ravil Gainutdin said the number of Muslims in Russia has been growing with every passing day. [11] Subsequently, the nation has an ageing population, with the median age of the country being 40.3 years. [74], A record 18,000 Russian Muslim pilgrims from all over the country attended the Hajj in Mecca, Saudi Arabia in 2006. [67], Russia had one of the highest number of confirmed cases in the world. Talgat Tadzhuddin was the Chief Mufti of Russia. He said the number of Muslims was also mentioned in the population census. [29] Muslim Cossacks in Siberia requested an Imam. For the first time since the 7th century AD, England is no longer majority-Christian. According to US Department of State in 2017,[3] Muslims in Russia numbered 14 million or roughly 10% of the total population. [101] Buddhists are home to a sizeable population in three Siberian republics: Buryatia, Tuva, Zabaykalsky Krai, and in Kalmykia; the only region in Europe where Buddhism is the most practised religion. , 2000. *, In 1992 several Muslim associations withdrew from the Caucasus muftiate and attempted to establish their own spiritual boards. Population Research and Policy Review, 2000, 19: 397419. km of land area)", Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, "Migrants Welcome: Is Russia Trying To Solve Its Demographic Crisis By Attracting Foreigners? 18111913 . The first Muslim state in the future Russian lands was Volga Bulgaria[15] Around 30 percent of the Russian population will practice Islam within the next 15 years, Russias grand mufti has predicted, citing demographic trends. 355384. Later most of the European and Caucasian Turkic peoples also became followers of Islam. In March 1999, Maskhadov closed down the Chechen parliament and introduced aspects of Sharia. According to US Department of State in 2017, Muslims in Russia numbered 14 million or roughly 10% of the total population. The Muslim Spiritual Authority is in the Caucasus, which acts as the coordination centre of Muslims in the North Caucasus. ; Russia population is equivalent to 1.87% of the total world population. Muslim population growth dropped by 4.7 percentage points from 29.3% to 24.6%, while the Christian, Sikh, Buddhist and Jain population groups saw even larger declines. The mayor of Moscow said that Moscow cannot do without worker migrants. ; Russia 2020 population is estimated at 145,934,462 people at mid year according to UN data. time. [94][95][96] Other branches of Christianity present in Russia include Catholicism (approx. One Central Asian Muslim imam that lives in a predominately Russian town told the Washington Post, Its very hard for Muslims to live here now. In his 1985 analysis Mystics and Commissars, S. Enders Wimbush wrote: Members of Sufi brotherhoods were hunted as criminalsThey were accused of immutable hostility towards the Soviet regime or economic sabotage, banditsim, terrorism, and armed rebellion.. They are blamed by nationalist groups for taking jobs away from ethnic Russians, dominating markets, harassing women and not paying taxes. Population Research and Policy Review, 2008, 27: 551574. *, Relations between the Russian government and Muslim elements of the population have been marked by mistrust and suspicion. Last week, Russia sentenced five Crimean Tatars to 13 years, and one Crimean Tatar . [44] Muslims were exempt from military conscription during World War I. The total Land Area of Russia is 16,377,742 sq. In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases. ", "Russia's population undergoes largest ever peacetime decline, analysis shows", "Fertility rate, total (births per woman) - Russian Federation", "Mapped: Which country has the most immigrants? [49], Russia has encouraged or even forced people in occupied or annexed regions to become Russian citizens, a procedure known as passportization. [42] A nachalnik was present in every one of the 11 cantons of the Bashkir host which was created by Russia after the Pugachev Rebellion. In 2006, in a bid to compensate for the country's demographic decline, the Russian government started simplifying immigration laws and launched a state program "for providing assistance to voluntary immigration of ethnic Russians from former Soviet republics". Chechens are accused of following Wahhabism. Their follow-up study in 2011 found that the number of mosques had grown to 2,106, and the 2020 version found 2,769 mosques . Frank, Allen J. Muslim Religious Institutions in Imperial Russia: The Islamic World of Novouzensk District and the Kazakh Inner Horde, 17801910. An interim Russian-controlled administration was imposed in Chechnya in 2000, headed by the ex-Mufti and, therefore, religious leader of Sufism, Akhmad Kadyrov. A census in 2002 counted 14.5 million while Russian Muslim leaders claim there are 23 million. Composition: The majority of Russian Muslims are Sunnis of Hanafi school of thought but there are also some Sunnis of Shafii school and Shia, Gaynetdin said. In 1992, for example, Sheikh Ravil Gainurtdin, the imam of the Moscow mosque, complained that "our country [Russia] still retains the ideology of the tsarist empire, which believed that the Orthodox faith alone should be a privileged religion, that is, the state religion." [17] In 2010, four-fifths of Russia's population was of European descentof which the vast majority were Slavs,[69] with a substantial minority of Finnic and Germanic peoples. This wave continues into the present, with the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine leading to considerable Russian emigration associated with the invasion. A large proportion of them died in transit from disease. Between 1993 and 2008, Russia 's population saw a considerable decline in its population from 148.37 million to 143.25. [17] According to the United Nations, Russia's immigrant population is the world's third largest, numbering over 11.6 million; most of whom are from other post-Soviet states. The Tatars had tried to rally Muslim groups in the Soviet Union against Moscow with little success. The response of violent mortality to economic crisis in Russia. In Islam, each country has its own spiritual institutionalisation.. *, In 1995 the newly established Union of Muslims of Russia, led by Imam Khatyb Mukaddas of Tatarstan, began organizing a movement aimed at improving interethnic understanding and ending Russians' lingering conception of Islam as an extremist religion. . . . Islam was repressed and made Communist-friendly in the Soviet era. The Grand Mufti of Russia, Sheikh Rawil Gaynetdin, places the Muslim population of Russia at 25 million as of 2018. This is firstly because Hindus are in the majority, and secondly because in the police in most states ( as well as in the Indian army ) there is an unwritten, secret rule to recruit very few Muslims. Moscow has the largest Muslim community in Europe. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.[22]. Government fears were fueled by a 1992 conference held in Saratov by the Tajikistan-based Islamic Renaissance Party. Russia will continue to have the largest Muslim population (in absolute numbers) in Europe in 2030. Mishar Muslims, Teptiar Muslims, service Tatar Muslims, and Bashkir Muslims joined the Orenburg Cossack Host. Rival Muslim groups accuse each other of being Wahhabis as a way of undermining them. Only a handful of Muslim were allowed to make the haj. In: P. Uhlenberg (Editor), International Handbook of the Demography of Aging, New York: Springer-Verlag, 2009, pp. According to a comprehensive survey conducted in 2012, Muslims were 6.5% of Russia's population. According to a US State Department release and Pew research group, the population of Tajikistan is 98% Muslim. [39] Napoleon faced light mounted Bashkir forces. Beat the Muslims! We are the new Jews.. [68], There was large anger from mostly Muslims from the Caucasus against the Charlie Hebdo cartoons in France. One of the two Russian boards has jurisdiction in European Russia and Siberia, and the other is responsible for the Muslim enclaves of the North Caucasus and Transcaspian regions. [16], A policy of deliberately enforcing anti-modern, traditional, ancient conservative Islamic education in schools and Islamic ideology was enforced by the Russians in order to deliberately hamper and destroy opposition to their rule by keeping them in a state of torpor to and prevent foreign ideologies from penetrating in.[48][49]. Russian Army will be a majority Muslim Army by 2020. The post-communist union has formed a political party, the Nur All-Russia Muslim Public Movement, which acts in close coordination with Muslim clergy to defend the political, economic, and cultural rights of Muslims and other minorities. Text Sources: Encyclopedia of World Cultures: Russia and Eurasia, China, edited by Paul Friedrich and Norma Diamond (C.K. [78][79] This problem is evident even within Tatarstan itself, where Tatars constitute a majority. Also, in the middle of the Volga Region reside populations of Tatars and Bashkirs, the vast majority of whom are Muslims. Comparisons of blood-based biomarkers with Norway implicate non-ischaemic cardiac damage", "Russia's alcohol policy: a continuing success story", "Time trends in smoking in Russia in the light of recent tobacco control measures: synthesis of evidence from multiple sources", "Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population) Russian Federation", "Preventing suicide: Russian Federation adapts WHO self-harm monitoring tool", "Russia's population undergoes largest ever peacetime decline", International Journal of Political Economy, "Russia's Jews fear resurgent anti-Semitism amid Ukraine war", "Russia and Ukraine Fight, But Their People Seek Reconciliation", "Background Briefing: Why is Russia's North Caucasus region unstable? Also radical and extremist streams of Islam started taking root, initially in western (upland) Dagestan. During this time, Russia experienced low birth rates and abnormally high death rates. Moscow has the largest Muslim population in Europe, with estimates suggesting . [12] Moscow, the capital and largest city, has a population estimated at 12.4 million residents within the city limits,[113] while over 17 million residents in the urban area,[114] and over 20 million residents in the metropolitan area. The rector of the madrasah Ilyas hazrat Ziganshin and the first deputy head of the Executive Committee of the World Congress of the Tatars Mars Tukaev also took part in the meeting. For that reason, the Russian government has provided extensive military and political support to secular leaders of the five Central Asian republics, all of whom are publicly opposed to political Islam. by Daniel Pipes. [55] Its healthcare expenditure is notably lower than other developed nations. [23] The government of Russia paid Islamic scholars from the Ural-Volga area working among the Kazakhs[24], Islamic slavery did not have racial restrictions. [20][21] However, Russian policy shifted toward weakening Islam by introducing pre-Islamic elements of collective consciousness. New laws are in place that require worker migrants to be fluent in Russian, know Russian history and laws. Russias Muslim-majority regions, including republics in the North Caucasus and the republic of Tatarstan, are known to have the highest birth rates in the country, reflecting similar trends worldwide. The Russian Criminal Code's article 'on the incitement of hatred or attacks on the dignity of a person, based on race, nationality, language or faith' can result in punishment in the form of . Today, the Central Spiritual Directorate of Muslim and Council of Muftis of Russia are the two primary Muslim groups in Russia. The Union of Muslims of Russia is the direct successor to the pre-World War I Union of Muslims, which had its own faction in the Russian Duma. The former is based on Bashkortostan and is led by Talgat Tadzhuiddon, who was a member of the Soviet religious bureaucracy. 19271959". Putin has called for tolerance and stated that Islam is a peaceful religion but at same time he has characterized the war in Chechnya as battle between Christians and Muslims and has said, If you are a Christian you are in danger.. That figure is expected to rise to 6.2 million (1.7 percent) in 2030, predicted the Pew Research . Hence in communal riots the police, which is 98% . The Ash-Shafii Islamic Institute in Dagestan is the only such research institution in Russia. In a 2007 interview, Damir Gizatullin, from the Council of Muftis, discounted the rise of hostile nationalist sentiment. These likely undercounts and overcounts should be taken into consideration when looking at growth rates, particularly in the affected countries. For example, the Mrcani Mosque was the only acting mosque in Kazan at that[when?] Predicting a Majority-Muslim Russia. [37] In 2012, the Russian Federal Security Service's Border Service stated there had been an increase in undocumented migration from the Middle East and Southeast Asia (Note that these were Temporary Contract Migrants)[38] Under legal changes made in 2012, undocumented immigrants who are caught will be banned from reentering the country for 10 years. Various estimates place the current Muslim population in Russia at between 14 million and 20 million people, or between 10 to 14 percent of Russia's total population of 146.8 million in 2018. The number of Muslims is increasing, in part because their birthrate is higher. mi) Numerous callers to radio talk shows said all people from the Caucasus should be deported from Moscow. [106] An additional two or three years of schooling are required for the secondary-level certificate, and some seven-eighths of Russians continue their education past this level. Global Muslim Population A report by Pew Research claims there are 1.8 billion muslims in the world and that's set to rise to around 3 billion by 2060. In Moscow, only one community is registered as Shia, he said. 2005. Russian girls were legally allowed to be sold in Russian-controlled Novgorod to Tatars from Kazan in the 1600s by Russian law. The United Kingdom has seen rapid growth in the Muslim population, according to a 10-yearly census carried out in 2021. It is the most spoken native language in Europe, the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, as well as the world's most widely spoken Slavic language. In more than 40 of the world's 120 Muslim-majority countries, Muslims make up the majority of the population . An Orthodox, but it had never been as visible in Moscow, [ 85 ] and in. 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